Conversion factors for selected weights and measures.

Conversion factors for selected weights and measures (pdf)

Length

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.0394	millimeter, mm (0.001 m)	inch, in	25.4
0.394	centimeter, cm	inch, in	2.54
39.37	meter, m	inch, in	0.0254
0.0328	centimeter, cm	foot, ft	30.48
3.28	meter, m	foot, ft	0.3048
1.094	meter, m	yard, yd	0.914
0.621	kilometer, km (1,000 m)	mile, mi	1.609

Area

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.00155	sq. millimeter, mm2 (0.001 m)2	square inch, in2	645
0.155	sq. centimeter, cm2 (0.01 m)2	square inch, in2	6.45
0.000247	square meter, m2	acre	4,050
10.76	square meter, m2	square foot, ft2	0.0929
2.47	hectare, ha	acre	0.405
247	sq. kilometer, km2 (1,000 m)2	acre	0.00405
0.386	sq. kilometer, km2 (1,000 m)2	square mile, mi2	2.59

Volume

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.203	milliliter, ml	teaspoon, tsp	4.93
0.0676	milliliter, ml	tablespoon, tbs	14.79
0.0338	milliliter, ml	ounce (fluid), oz	29.58
0.00973	cubic meter, m3	acre inch, acre-inch	102.8
35.3	cubic meter, m3	cubic foot, ft3	0.0283
61,0000	cubic meter, m3	cubic inch, in3	0.0000164
0.0284	liter, L (0.001 m3)	bushel, bu	35.24
1.057	liter, L (0.001)	quart, (liquid), qt	0.946
0.0353	liter, L (0.001)	cubic foot, ft3	28.3
0.265	liter, L (0.001 m3)	gallon	3.78
33.78	liter, L (0.001 m3)	ounce (fluid), oz	0.0296
2.11	liter, L (0.001 m3)	pint (fluid), pt	0.473

Mass

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.00220	gram, g (0.001 kg)	pound, lb	454
0.0352	gram, g (0.001 kg)	ounce, (avdp), oz	28.4
2.205	kilogram, kg	pound, lb	0.454
0.01	kilogram, kg	quintal (metric), q	100
0.0011	kilogram, kg	U.S. ton (2,000 lb), ton	907
1.102	megagram, Mg (tonne)	U.S. ton (2,000 lb), ton	0.907
1.102	tonne, t	U.S. ton (2,000 lb), ton	0.907

Yield and Rate

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.893	kilogram per hectare, kg/ha	pound per acre, lb/acre	1.12
0.0777	kilogram per cubic meter, kg/m3	pound per bushel, lb/bu	12.87
0.0149	kilogram per hectare, kg/ha	bushel per acre, 60 lb	67.19
0.0159	kilogram per hectare, kg/ha	bushel per acre, 56 lb	62.71
0.0186	kilogram per hectare, kg/ha	bushel per acre, 48 lb	53.75
0.107	liter per hectare, L/ha	gallon/acre	9.35
893	tonne per hectare, t/ha	pound per acre, lb/acre	0.00112
893	megagram per hectare, Mg/ha	pound per acre, lb/acre	0.00112
0.446	megagram per hectare, Mg/ha	ton (lb) per acre, ton/acre	2.24
2.24	meter per second, m s-1	mile per hour	0.447

Water Measurement

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.00973	cubic meter, cm3	acre-inch, acre-in	102.8
0.00981	cubic meter per hour, cm3/ha	cubic foot per second, ft3/s	101.9
4.40	cubic meter per hour, cm3/ha	U.S. gal. per minute, gal/min	0.227
8.11	hectare meter, ha/m	acre-foot, acre-ft	0.123
97.28	hectare meter, ha/m	acre-inch, acre-in	0.0103
0.081	hectare centimeter, ha/cm	acre-foot, acre-ft	12.33

Concentration

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
0.1	gram per kilogram, g/kg	percent, %	10
1	milligram per kilogram, mg/kg	parts per million, ppm	1

Plant Nutrient Conversions

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
2.29	P	P2O5	0.437
1.20	K	K2O	0.830
1.39	Ca	CaO	0.715
1.66	Mg	MgO	0.602

Temperature

To convert Col. 1 to Col. 2, multiply by:	Column 1 (Metric Units)	Column 2 (English Units)	To convert Col. 2 to Col. 1, multiply by:
1.00 (K-273)	Kelvin, K	Celsius, C	1.00 (C + 273)
(1.8 C) + 32	Celsius, C	Fahrenheit, F	0.56 (F – 32)

Grain Moisture Conversions to Standard Weights

Grain moisture conversions to standard weights (pdf)

Standard bushel weights of common South Dakota crops.

Crop	Pounds
Ear corn	68
Wheat, Soybean, Flax	60
Shelled corn, Grain sorghum, Rye	56
Millet	50
Barley	48
Oats	32

Conversion of standard bushel grain weights to weight by volume.

Standard bushel weight (lb)	Pounds/cubic feet (lb/ft3)
60	48.18
56	44.97
50	40.15
48	38.54
28	22.48
14	11.24
70* (ear corn)	28.00*
* Varies depending on ear size and moisture content.

Moisture conversions for: SHELLED CORN

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of shelled corn equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 15.5% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of shelled corn equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 15.5% moisture
10	52.58	23	61.45
11	53.17	24	62.26
12	53.77	25	63.09
13	54.39	26	63.95
14	55.02	27	64.82
15	55.67	28	65.72
15.5	56.00	29	66.65
16	56.33	30	67.60
17	57.01	31	68.58
18	57.71	32	69.59
19	58.42	33	70.63
20	59.15	34	71.70
21	59.90	35	72.80
22	60.67

Moisture conversions for: EAR CORN

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of ear corn equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 15.5% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of ear corn equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 15.5% moisture
10	63.49	23	78.25
11	64.25	24	79.76
12	65.06	25	81.25
13	65.95	26	82.82
14	66.89	27	84.19
15	67.89	28	85.62
15.5	68.40	29	87.04
16	68.94	30	88.50
17	70.09	31	89.94
18	71.31	32	91.43
19	72.60	33	92.85
20	73.96	34	94.28
21	75.36	35	95.71
22	76.79
Source: W.J. Murphy, MU Extension, Agronomy Dept., Univ. Missouri, G4020 - Tables for weights and measurements.

Moisture conversions for: SOYBEAN

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of soybean equal to a bushel weight of 60 lbs at 13.0% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of soybean equal to a bushel weight of 60 lbs at 13.0% moisture
10	58.00	23	67.79
11	58.65	24	68.68
12	59.32	25	69.60
13	60.00	26	70.54
14	60.70	27	71.51
15	61.41	28	72.50
16	62.14	29	73.52
17	62.89	30	74.57
18	63.66	31	75.65
19	64.64	32	76.76
20	65.25	33	77.91
21	66.08	34	79.09
22	66.92	35	80.31

Moisture conversions for: GRAIN SORGHUM (MILO)

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of sorghum equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 13.0% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of sorghum equal to a bushel weight of 56 lbs at 13.0% moisture
10	54.13	23	63.27
11	54.74	24	64.11
12	55.36	25	64.96
13.0	56.00	26	65.84
14	56.65	27	66.74
15	57.32	28	67.67
16	58.00	29	68.62
17	58.70	30	69.60
18	59.41	31	70.61
19	60.15	32	71.65
20	60.90	33	72.72
21	61.67	34	73.82
22	62.46	35	74.95

Moisture conversions for: SUNFLOWER

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of sunflower equal to a bushel weight of 27 lbs at 10.0% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of sunflower equal to a bushel weight of 27 lbs at 10.0% moisture
10	27.00	23	31.56
11	27.30	24	31.97
12	27.61	25	32.40
13	27.93	26	32.84
14	28.26	27	33.29
15	28.59	28	33.75
16	28.93	29	34.23
17	29.28	30	34.71
18	29.63	31	35.22
19	30.00	32	35.74
20	30.38	33	36.27
21	30.76	34	36.82
22	31.15	35	37.38

Moisture conversions for: WHEAT

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of wheat equal to a bushel weight of 60 lbs at 13.5% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of wheat equal to a bushel weight of 60 lbs at 13.5% moisture
10	57.67	23	67.40
11	58.65	24	68.29
12	59.32	25	69.20
13	59.66	26	70.14
13.5	60.00	27	71.10
14	60.35	28	72.08
15	61.06	29	73.10
16	61.79	30	74.14
17	62.53	31	75.22
18	63.29	32	76.32
19	64.07	33	77.46
20	64.88	34	78.64
21	65.70	35	79.85
22	66.54

Moisture conversions for: OAT

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of oat equal to a bushel weight of 32 lbs at 13.5% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of oat equal to a bushel weight of 32 lbs at 13.5% moisture
10	30.76	24	36.42
11	31.10	25	36.91
12	31.45	26	37.41
13	31.82	27	37.92
13.5	32.00	28	38.44
14	32.19	29	38.99
15	32.46	30	39.54
16	32.95	31	40.12
17	33.35	32	40.71
18	33.76	33	41.31
19	34.17	34	41.94
20	34.60	35	42.58
21	35.04	24	36.42
22	35.49	25	36.91
23	35.95

Moisture conversions for: BARLEY

Grain moisture pct	Pounds of barley equal to a bushel weight of 48 lbs at 13.5% moisture	Grain moisture pct	Pounds of barley equal to a bushel weight of 48 lbs at 13.5% moisture
10	46.13	24	54.63
11	46.65	25	55.36
12	47.18	26	56.11
13	47.72	27	56.88
13.5	48.00	28	57.67
14	48.28	29	58.48
15	48.85	30	59.31
16	49.43	31	60.17
17	50.02	32	61.06
18	50.63	33	61.97
19	51.26	34	62.91
20	51.90	35	63.88
21	52.56	24	54.63
22	53.23	25	55.36
23	53.92

Sources of information:

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2000. Agriculture Fact Book. Office of Communications. Online and available at http://www.usda.gov/news/pubs/fbook00/contents.htm, Washington DC.

2. Publications handbook and style manual. ASA-CSSA-SSA, 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711.

Compiled by: R.G. Hall, Extension Agronomist-Crops, Plant Science Dept., SDSI/CES, Brookings, SD 57007.

Crop Management

South Dakota State University

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