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Winter Wheat
Breeding and Genetics
Plant Science Department
South Dakota State University
Brookings, South Dakota
Release of Expedition Winter Wheat
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‘Expedition’ hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
was developed by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and
released to seed producers in August 2002. Expedition was released for its
excellent winter survival ability and high yield potential in South Dakota
and the northern Great Plains.
Expedition was selected as an F3:4 line from the cross ‘Tomahawk’/’Bennett’
made in 1993. The cross (coded X93184) was advanced to the F3 generation
with a bulk breeding procedure. Expedition was identified as experimental
line SD97457 in 1997 and first tested in South Dakota Early Yield Trial (EYT)
in 1998. Expedition performed well enough in the EYT nurseries to be
advanced beyond Preliminary Yield Trials (PYT) to the South Dakota Advanced
Yield Trial (AYT) in 1999. Expedition has been tested in South Dakota Crop
Performance Testing (CPT) Variety Trial between 2000 and 2002 and in the
Northern Regional Performance Nursery in 2001 and 2002.
Expedition is an awned, white-chaffed, early maturity, semi-dwarf hard red
winter wheat. Expedition is early maturing (147 days to heading from 1
Jan.), similar to ‘Jagger’, 2 days earlier than ‘Wesley’, and 5 days earlier
than ‘Harding’ in South Dakota yield trials. Plant height (77.5 cm) of
Expedition has averaged 7.5 cm less than Harding, and similar to ‘Alliance’.
The winter survival ability of Expedition is good to excellent (similar to
Harding). It has a medium length coleoptile (68 mm; similar to Wesley; 106%
of Alliance; 90% of ‘Nekota’; and 74% of Harding) and fair straw strength
(similar to ‘Arapahoe’).
Expedition has been tested in the South Dakota CPT from 2000 to 2002. In 23
site-years of testing, Expedition averaged 3904 kg ha-1 second to Wesley
(3994 kg ha-1) and higher than Alliance (3834 kg ha-1), Nekota (3610 kg
ha-1), Arapahoe (3720 kg ha-1), Harding (3558 kg ha-1), and ‘Crimson’ (3363
kg ha-1). Expedition has slightly better test weight averaging 754 kg m-3
compared with 743 kg m-3 for Wesley, 737 kg m-3 for Alliance, and 747 kg m-3
for Harding, but slightly lower than Nekota (758 kg m-3) and Crimson (760 kg
m-3).
Expedition has exhibited moderate adult plant and seedling resistance to
prevalent races of stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp.
tritici Eriks & E. Henn.) and has been postulated to carry Sr6 and other
unidentified genes based on tests conducted by the USDA Cereal Disease
Laboratory, St. Paul, MN. Expedition is moderately susceptible to leaf rust
(caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.). Field disease ratings of reaction to
head scab (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) between 2000 and 2002
suggested some degree of tolerance to this pathogen. Expedition is
susceptible to tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.)
Drechs.] and to the Great Plains Biotype of Hessian fly [Mayetiola
destructor (Say)] based on tests conducted by the USDA Plant Science and
Entomology Research Unit, Manhattan, KS. Expedition has exhibited
intermediate reaction to wheat soil-borne mosaic virus.
Composite milling and bread baking properties of Expedition were determined
by the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory at Manhattan, KS in
2000 and 2001. Relative to the broadly adapted check cultivars Alliance and
Nekota, Expedition had larger kernel weight (32.6 versus 26.8 and 30.7 mg,
respectively) which contributed to very high flour extraction (710 versus
673 and 675 g kg-1, respectively) and low flour ash (3.6 versus 3.7 and 4.2
g kg-1, respectively). Flour protein of Expedition (97 g kg-1) was similar
to Nekota and better than Alliance (90 g kg-1). In bread baking tests,
Expedition bake absorption (592 g kg-1) was similar to Alliance and better
than Nekota (586 g kg-1), while its loaf volume was comparable to Alliance
and Nekota (0.74 versus 0.77 and 0.78 L, respectively). Expedition had
better Mixograph tolerance than both Alliance and Nekota (5.0 versus 3.0 and
2.5 scores, respectively; 0-unacceptable to 6-excellent scale). Expedition
had strong mixing characteristics as determined by the mixograph (6.3 min to
peak).
The South Dakota Foundation Seed Division (Plant Science Department, South
Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007) had foundation seed of
Expedition available to seed producers for planting in fall 2002. The seed
classes will be Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified. Expedition
will be submitted for registration and plant variety protection under P.L.
91-577 with the certification option. Small quantities of seed for research
purposes may be obtained from Dr. Amir Ibrahim , Plant Science Department,
Box 2140C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
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